South Africa's water consumption is increasing despite the fact that we live in country that is predominantly semi-arid with regions that experience regular drought periods. As a country our average annual rainfall is just 450mm per annum compared to the world average of 850mm. Waterwise gardening has therefore now become an essential facet of responsible water management that all home owners and garden lovers must actively consider and try to practise in their garden.

• Regulate your watering times. Irrigation systems are becoming far more sophisticated and common place in South African gardens. Make sure that you only water your garden very early in the morning or in the early evening; this will help to prevent evaporation and allow for moisture to be taken in by the soil. You should of course not use your irrigation system when you do get rain - make sure that you override your automatic system if you have one or purchase a moisture sensor to attach to it.
  
  
• Water once or twice a week. Rather than watering your garden a little everyday thoroughly soak it just once or twice a week - this will allow deeper soil penetration and encourage deeper root growth which in turns promotes a plant's ability to survive during periods of drought.
  
  
• Plan your irrigation carefully. Take your time to do this if installing new irrigation and check the efficiency of existing systems - if you find that your garden is incorrectly fitted then spend some time redesigning it. You should make sure that the areas of your garden that need the most water get it. Set sprinklers so that they don't waste water by spilling onto pathways and try to reduce the amount of unnecessary crossover between sprinklers. You should also use sprinklers that create large water droplets rather than a mist - larger drops are less likely to evaporate and get blown by the wind to the wrong place.
  
  
• Be indigenous. Indigenous plants need far less water than their foreign counterparts. A garden full of indigenous plants also has the added benefit of attracting a huge variety of beautiful birds.
  
  
• Group plants with similar water needs together in the same beds. This will ensure that you don't over water drought resistant plants and under water thirsty plants. Consider using drip irrigation systems on beds with plants that need little watering.
  
  
• Use your lawn efficiently. A well maintained green lawn is without doubt a beautiful feature of any garden but it is also by far the biggest water consumer. Consider reducing your lawn size by cutting out any small unnecessary sections or replacing section with beds for drought resistant plants. You should also; keep your lawn well fertilised, spiked (forking the lawn to create holes for the water to get to the root systems) and never cut the grass too short - the shorter your grass is the more water can evaporate from the soil.
  
  
• Mulching. Covering bare soil with a blanket of organic material will help to conserve soil moisture. This will also help to keep root systems cool and prevent weed growth. Mulching should be done during Spring and Autumn months and take care not to pile it up against the plants as this encourages rot.
  

If you are not sure how these tips relate to your garden and your plants or you need more advice on how to practise waterwise gardening then consult an expert at your local garden centre.

For an example of waterwise gardening in practise you can also visit one of the many National Botanical Gardens in the country like Kirstenbosch or Walter Sisulu.